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Cancer genome sequencing is the whole genome sequencing of a single, homogeneous or heterogeneous group of cancer cells. It is a biochemical laboratory method for the characterization and identification of the DNA or RNA sequences of cancer cell(s). Unlike whole genome (WG) sequencing which is typically from blood cells, such as J. Craig Venter's 〔 and James D. Watson’s WG sequencing projects,〔 saliva, epithelial cells or bone - cancer genome sequencing involves direct sequencing of primary tumor tissue, adjacent or distal normal tissue, the tumor micro environment such as fibroblast/stromal cells, or metastatic tumor sites. Similar to whole genome sequencing, the information generated from this technique include: identification of nucleotide bases (DNA or RNA), copy number and sequence variants, mutation status, and structural changes such as chromosomal translocations and fusion genes. Cancer genome sequencing is not limited to WG sequencing and can also include exome, transcriptome, micronome sequencing, and end-sequence profiling. These methods can be used to quantify gene expression, miRNA expression, and identify alternative splicing events in addition to sequence data. The first report of cancer genome sequencing appeared in 2006. In this study 13,023 genes were sequenced in 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors. A subsequent follow up was published in 2007 where the same group added just over 5,000 more genes and almost 8,000 transcript species to complete the exomes of 11 breast and colorectal tumors. A cancer genome to be sequenced was from cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia by Ley ''et al.'' in November 2008. The first breast cancer tumor was sequenced by Shah ''et al.'' in October 2009,〔 the first lung and skin tumors by Pleasance ''et al.'' in January 2010,〔〔 and the first prostate tumors by Berger ''et al.'' in February 2011.〔 == History == Historically, cancer genome sequencing efforts has been divided between transcriptome-based sequencing projects and DNA-centered efforts. The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) was first funded in 1997〔 with the goal of documenting the sequences of RNA transcripts in tumor cells.〔 As technology improved, the CGAP expanded its goals to include the determination of gene expression profiles of cancerous, precancerous and normal tissues.〔 The CGAP published the largest publicly available collection of cancer expressed sequence tags in 2003.〔 The Sanger Institute's Cancer Genome Project, first funded in 2005, focuses on DNA sequencing. It has published a census of genes causally implicated in cancer,〔 and a number of whole-genome resequencing screens for genes implicated in cancer.〔 The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was founded in 2007 with the goal of integrating available genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic data from many different research groups.〔〔 As of December 2011, the ICGC includes 45 committed projects and has data from 2,961 cancer genomes available.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cancer genome sequencing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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